Worldwide Berlinification!
Apr. 15th, 2009 11:05 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
imomusThere are heartening signs that the recession is causing a creeping "Berlinification" of England. An article in the Business section of yesterday's Guardian said that MPs, desperate to prevent the recession turning Britain into a succession of ghost towns, have outlined a series of emergency measures which include giving thousands of grants to people who find creative uses for vacant shops -- and there are predicted to be more than 70,000 newly-chained and shuttered shops in Britain this year alone.
The article describes UK law coming halfway to meet potential squatters: "Planning rules will be relaxed to allow changes of use which go against local guidelines. For example, a disused clothes shop could become an art gallery or an empty Woolworths an NHS drop-in centre. Temporary lease agreements will enable owners who want to retain a vacant property in the long term to make it available for community or creative use."
This development shows the UK government embracing the so-called Slack Space movement described in a February article in The Guardian's art and design section. That article, though, came out and used the s-word: squat. "Artists and curators have begun colonising "slack space" freed up by the recession and are transforming vacant shops into "creative squats", galleries and studios."
The February article sees defunct branches of Woolworths and Carphone Warehouse colonised to house community cafes and performance art events. "We know recessions are awful," says a member of a group of art squatters who've taken over a parade of shops in Margate, "but they can be a good time for artists as creative ideas start appearing while otherwise redundant people are sitting at home fiddling and doing creative stuff."
Meanwhile, an article in last Sunday's Observer looked at The artists who are hot to squat. "Straitened times call for ever greater resourcefulness," wrote Hermione Hoby. "They also - luckily for artists if not the former occupants - mean more empty buildings than ever. According to England's Empty Homes Agency, 784,495 are unoccupied, and the number rises each day. Taking their cue from similar movements in Berlin and Amsterdam, artists in this country are realising that squatting provides not just freedom from paying rent but also extraordinary creative freedom. The chance to make large-scale work, to put on frequent, artist-curated exhibitions and to form collaborative relationships based on sharing a space, has made squatting more than simply a housing solution." Hermione's article covered the Da! Collective, Steal From Work, Artspace Lifespace, The Hannah Barry Gallery, and !WOWOW! collective.
Berlinification indeed; when Germany legalized squatting in the 1990s, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a new verb -- Instandbesetzen -- entered the language; a combination of "to occupy" and "to renew". Berlin squatters became adept at adding cultural value to their squats, knowing it put them in a much stronger position. Many squats became cultural centres -- art galleries, music performance spaces, bookshops, coffee bars. Many of the places I go to regularly -- places with names like Eschloraque, Neurotitan, Zapata Coffee, Ausland -- began as squats, or still are.
Now, I'm too lazy to be a squatter myself; I don't have the energy for hacking at building infrastructure, making repairs, changing locks, let alone having confrontations with owners or police. I just want to get on with my own thing, thank you very much, and paying rent buys me time and space. But I live in a city that's been vastly improved by culturally-minded squatters, and I often think the current recession came along just in time to prevent Berlin getting too chi-chi, too bourgie-bourgie.
Since it's a global recession, I also like to think Berlin has now become a sort of template for cities all over the world. Whereas we might once have looked like a museum of crusty subcultures past their sell-by date, this city now looks like the future of Tokyo, the future of London, and the future of New York. We're your best-case scenario, guys, your optimal recessionary outcome. Everything else is dystopia, Escape-From-New-York stuff.
If the major cities of the world all become "Berlins", though, I can't guarantee I'd stay in the actual Berlin, the black flagship, the Big Squat itself. If Tokyo, for instance, got as cheap and cheerfully creative as Berlin -- if it became the kind of city you could simply occupy without having to scuttle around pointlessly making rent -- I'd be there in a flash. Secretly, what I'm doing here in Berlin is waiting for Tokyo to Berlinify.
The article describes UK law coming halfway to meet potential squatters: "Planning rules will be relaxed to allow changes of use which go against local guidelines. For example, a disused clothes shop could become an art gallery or an empty Woolworths an NHS drop-in centre. Temporary lease agreements will enable owners who want to retain a vacant property in the long term to make it available for community or creative use."
This development shows the UK government embracing the so-called Slack Space movement described in a February article in The Guardian's art and design section. That article, though, came out and used the s-word: squat. "Artists and curators have begun colonising "slack space" freed up by the recession and are transforming vacant shops into "creative squats", galleries and studios."
The February article sees defunct branches of Woolworths and Carphone Warehouse colonised to house community cafes and performance art events. "We know recessions are awful," says a member of a group of art squatters who've taken over a parade of shops in Margate, "but they can be a good time for artists as creative ideas start appearing while otherwise redundant people are sitting at home fiddling and doing creative stuff."
Meanwhile, an article in last Sunday's Observer looked at The artists who are hot to squat. "Straitened times call for ever greater resourcefulness," wrote Hermione Hoby. "They also - luckily for artists if not the former occupants - mean more empty buildings than ever. According to England's Empty Homes Agency, 784,495 are unoccupied, and the number rises each day. Taking their cue from similar movements in Berlin and Amsterdam, artists in this country are realising that squatting provides not just freedom from paying rent but also extraordinary creative freedom. The chance to make large-scale work, to put on frequent, artist-curated exhibitions and to form collaborative relationships based on sharing a space, has made squatting more than simply a housing solution." Hermione's article covered the Da! Collective, Steal From Work, Artspace Lifespace, The Hannah Barry Gallery, and !WOWOW! collective.
Berlinification indeed; when Germany legalized squatting in the 1990s, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a new verb -- Instandbesetzen -- entered the language; a combination of "to occupy" and "to renew". Berlin squatters became adept at adding cultural value to their squats, knowing it put them in a much stronger position. Many squats became cultural centres -- art galleries, music performance spaces, bookshops, coffee bars. Many of the places I go to regularly -- places with names like Eschloraque, Neurotitan, Zapata Coffee, Ausland -- began as squats, or still are.
Now, I'm too lazy to be a squatter myself; I don't have the energy for hacking at building infrastructure, making repairs, changing locks, let alone having confrontations with owners or police. I just want to get on with my own thing, thank you very much, and paying rent buys me time and space. But I live in a city that's been vastly improved by culturally-minded squatters, and I often think the current recession came along just in time to prevent Berlin getting too chi-chi, too bourgie-bourgie.
Since it's a global recession, I also like to think Berlin has now become a sort of template for cities all over the world. Whereas we might once have looked like a museum of crusty subcultures past their sell-by date, this city now looks like the future of Tokyo, the future of London, and the future of New York. We're your best-case scenario, guys, your optimal recessionary outcome. Everything else is dystopia, Escape-From-New-York stuff.
If the major cities of the world all become "Berlins", though, I can't guarantee I'd stay in the actual Berlin, the black flagship, the Big Squat itself. If Tokyo, for instance, got as cheap and cheerfully creative as Berlin -- if it became the kind of city you could simply occupy without having to scuttle around pointlessly making rent -- I'd be there in a flash. Secretly, what I'm doing here in Berlin is waiting for Tokyo to Berlinify.
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(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 09:41 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:18 am (UTC)Not really. I think the future is in real economic utilitarianism (as opposed to the design variety) like that which exists in South Korea. The only way that a place can continue to be livable, even after the cool kids flood in and take over, is if the consumer culture is designed from the ground up to specifically target the many rather than the few. Which is to say that new apartment buildings need to target average consumers instead of millionaires and/or their trust-fund-having spawn.
I was having a conversation with two Koreans the other day about looking for a new apartment this summer, and they expressed dismay that I would be willing to pay the equivalent of $500 or $600 a month for a 3-room apartment near a subway station in a city with a population of 3 million. And these aren't recession prices, either. They're the norm. Production of apartment buildings intentionally outstrips demand so prices will remain low. And of course, the government makes sure this is the case by offering all sorts of subsidies to the corporations who build and run these complexes.
In your argument, Berlin needs a recession in order to keep it from ballooning into an NYC or Tokyo. But giving corporations the correct incentives (and hitting them with the right regulations) can create an incredibly stable living situation that doesn't require a recession in order to persist. South Korea is the prime example.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:26 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:34 am (UTC)Probably not.
But I think South Korea is currently on a Japan-like trajectory. Not that that is necessarily a great thing. It's just that there's this economic/educational shift going on, where people are beginning to realize that it's not enough to just churn out college graduates filled with lots of rote memorized information and plug them into the workforce. The culture is slowly beginning to embrace creativity and critical thinking as educational ends, since that is the stuff of innovation, and innovation is what Korea will need now that it's mastered engineering/manufacturing. Of course, this change is going to happen very slowly, but it's encouraging nonetheless.
I think the any of the major cities in Korea could support creative, cosmopolitan communities without much effort. And if you're looking for a place that the hipsters won't have their hands on for a long while, you couldn't do much better.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:41 am (UTC)Like I said before, I could pay $500-600 for a 3 room apartment within 5 minutes walking distance from a subway station and a major commercial area (7-floor department store, tons of small restaurants and shops), and only a 20 minute subway ride to the central "downtown" area of the city.
This situation is not likely to be quite as ideal in Seoul (I live in Daegu), but then again, Seoul also has a metro area of like 25 million people, so one can't really expect it not to be a bit cramped, and a tad more pricey.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:43 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:45 am (UTC)Also -- Japan as hub of critical thinking? Really? Japan has lots of great stuff going for it, but it's as Confucian as Korea.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:45 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:47 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:51 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 10:57 am (UTC)Berlin
Date: 2009-04-15 11:01 am (UTC)The international artists, musicians, writers et al, that choose to live here, enjoying Berlin's relatively cheap rents, liberalism and cultural diversity (and I count myself amongst this group) can easily exist in a bubble, indifferent to local concerns and politics and contributing little. Don't like the neighborhood, city, country? - Move.
There is never any need to take responsibility for the consequences of gentrification by culture - just keep one step ahead, so long as the rent is cheap. After all, the city, society, the world, exist for no other purpose than to facilitate our needs, provide a backdrop for our fabulous creativity - and isn't it great that everyone speaks English as well?
(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:04 am (UTC)Re: Berlin
Date: 2009-04-15 11:09 am (UTC)Re: Berlin
Date: 2009-04-15 11:19 am (UTC)synagoguessynth gigs and colourful markets -- we're wandering. No, we're not rooted in blood and soil. Yes, we do usually add economic value, even if it's not always guaranteed to make us popular.Re: Berlin
Date: 2009-04-15 11:21 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:25 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:29 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:31 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:33 am (UTC)Re: Berlin
Date: 2009-04-15 11:35 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:42 am (UTC)Re: Berlin
Date: 2009-04-15 11:44 am (UTC)That phrase is a euphemism for "Jews" dreamed up by Stalin when he thought his Jewish doctors were trying to poison him, by the way. Stalin didn't want to evoke Hitler's anti-semitism, so he came up with "rootless cosmopolitans". I won't say the creative class add as much value as doctors and lawyers and all the other things Jews have tended to become, but we may possibly be ministering to your spiritual health. We're certainly not trying to poison you, anyway.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:44 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-04-15 11:53 am (UTC)